This handbook thoroughly investigates 16 off-grid toilet systems that have been implemented across the world, to provide a comprehensive understanding of their functional principles. Through comparison and evaluation, we provide recommendations on how users’ needs can be better met and how contextual conditions can be better considered. We hope this book will be a valuable tool for governments, NGOs and communities to tackle the problems of unsafe sanitation across the globe.
Estudio Abierto / Open Studio is a platform for collaboration between design and allied disciplines, a platform for critical rethinking and action—practicing empathic urbanism for the anthropocene.